UNIT 11: TWENTIES AND THIRTIES STUDY GUIDE

CHAPTER 34: AMERICAN LIFE IN THE "ROARING TWENTIES"

Insulating America from the Radical Virus

Know: Billy Sunday, Red Scare, A. Mitchell Palmer, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

1. Cite examples of actions taken in reaction to the perceived threat of radicals and communists during the red scare.

Hooded Hoodlums of the KKK

2. Compare and contrast the new and old Ku Klux Klans.

Stemming the Foreign Flood

Know: Emergency Quota Act, Immigration Act

3. Describe the immigration laws passed in the 1920's.

Makers of America: The Poles

Know: Prussian Poles, Russian Poles, Austrian Poles, American Warsaw

4. What factors led Poles to America?

The Prohibition "Experiment"

Know: Eighteenth Amendment, Volstead Act, Wet and Dry, Speakeasies, Home Brew, Bathtub Gin, Noble Experiment

5. How and why was the eighteenth amendment broken so frequently?

The Golden Age of Gangsterism

Know: Al Capone, St. Valentine's Day Massacre, Lindbergh Law

6. What was Gangsterism?

Monkey Business in Tennessee

Know: John Dewey, John T. Scopes, William Jennings Bryan, Clarence Darrow

7. Describe the clash of cultures that took place in schools in the 1920's.

The Mass-Consumption Economy

Know: Andrew Mellon, The Man Nobody Knows, Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey

8. Give evidence to prove that America became a mass-consumption economy in the 20's.

Putting America on Rubber Tires

Know: Henry Ford, Frederick W. Taylor, Model T

9. What methods made it possible to mass-produce automobiles?

The Advent of the Gasoline Age

10. What were the effects of the widespread adoption of the automobile?

Humans Develop Wings

Know: Orville and Wilbur Wright, Charles Lindbergh

11. What effects did the early airplane have on America?

The Radio Revolution

12. How did America change as the result of the radio?

Hollywood's Filmland Fantasies

Know: The Great Train Robbery, The Birth of a Nation, The Jazz Singer

13. What were some milestones in the history of motion pictures?

The Dynamic Decade

Know: Margaret Sanger, Flappers, Sigmund Freud, Jelly Roll Morton, Langston Hughes, Marcus Garvey

14. "Far-reaching changes in lifestyles and values paralleled the dramatic upsurge in the economy." Explain.

Literary Liberation

Know: H. L. Mencken, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Sinclair Lewis, William Faulkner, Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, e.e. cummings, Eugene O'Neill, Louis Armstrong, Frank Lloyd Wright

15. How did the arts of the 1920's reflect the times?

Wall Street's Big Bull Market

Know: Margin, Andrew Mellon

16. Was government economic policy successful in the 20's?

CHAPTER 35: THE POLITICS OF BOOM AND BUST

The Republican "Old Guard" Returns

Know: Warren Harding, Ohio Gang

17. What flaws did Warren Harding possess?

GOP Reaction at the Throttle

18. What pro-business policies were taken by the government during the Harding administration.

The Aftermath of War

Know: Railway Labor Board, American Legion, Adjusted Compensation Act

19. What effects did the war have on the post-war economy?

America Seeks Benefits Without Burdens

Know: Unofficial Observers

20. What is the meaning of this section's heading?

Ship-Scrapping at the Washington Conference

Know: Charles Evans Hughes, Five-Power Naval Treaty, Four-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty, Kellogg-Briand Pact

21. How did the U.S. take the lead in disarmament in the 20's?

Hiking the Tariff Higher

Know: Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law

22. What effects were produced by high American tariffs?

The Stench of Scandal

Know: Charles R. Forbes, Albert B. Fall, Teapot Dome, Harry M. Daugherty

23. "Such was his [Harding's] weakness that he tolerated people and conditions that subjected the Republic to its worst disgrace since the days of President Grant." Explain

Calvin Coolidge: A Yankee in the White House

Know: Calvin Coolidge

24. Do the nicknames, "Silent Cal" and "Cautious Cal" accurately describe the Coolidge presidency?

Frustrated Farmers

Know: McNary-Haugen Bill

25. What had changed for the farmer since 1890? What had remained the same?

A Three-Way Race for the White House in 1924

Know: Robert La Follette

26. Why did Calvin Coolidge easily win the 1924 election?

Foreign-Policy Flounderings

27. What are the arguments for America canceling the WWI debt of European countries?

Unraveling the Debt Knot

Know: Dawes Plan

28. What were the world-wide repercussions of America’s insistence on debt repayment?

The Triumph of Herbert Hoover

Know: Al Smith, "Rum, Romanism, and Ruin"

29. Why was Herbert Hoover so much more popular with voters than Al Smith?

President Hoover's First Moves

Know: Farm Board, Hawley-Smoot Tariff

30. Did Hoover’s attempts to help farmers produce positive results? Explain.

The Great Crash Ends the Golden Twenties

Know: Black Tuesday, "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?"

31. What were the immediate effects of the stock market crash?

Hooked on the Horn of Plenty

Know: Hoover Blankets, Hoovervilles

32. What causes contributed to the Great Depression?

Rugged Times for Rugged Individualists

Know: Rugged Individualism, The Great Humanitarian

33. How did President Hoover’s beliefs affect the way he handled the Depression?

Herbert Hoover: Pioneer for the New Deal

Know: Muscle Shoals Bill, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Pump-Priming, Yellow Dog Contracts

34. Is Hoover’s reputation as ultra-conservative well deserved? Explain.

Routing the Bonus Army in Washington

Know: Bonus Expeditionary Force, Douglas MacArthur

35. What happened to the Bonus Army? Why?

Japanese Militarists Attack China

Know: Manchuria, Stimson Doctrine

36. How did the Japanese attack on Manchuria demonstrate the weakness of the League of Nations?

Hoover Pioneers the Good Neighbor Policy

37. What was President Hoover’s policy toward Latin America?

CHAPTER 36: The Great Depression and the New Deal

FDR: A Politician in a Wheelchair

Know: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt

38. What kind of man was FDR?

Presidential Hopefuls of 1932

39. What was Roosevelt's campaign message in the 1932 election?

The Humiliation of Hoover in 1932

40. What were the immediate results of Roosevelt's victory?

FDR and the Three R's: Relief, Recovery, Reform

Know: New Deal, Banking Holiday, Hundred Days, Three R's,

41. Describe the New Deal.

Roosevelt Tackles Money and Banking

Know: Fireside Chats, Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Managed Currency

42. What were the key aspects of FDR's monetary policy?

Creating Jobs for the Jobless

Know: Pump Priming, CCC, FERA, Harry Hopkins, AAA, HOLC, CWA, Father Charles Coughlin, Huey Long, Dr. Francis E. Townsend, WPA

43. Explain the difference between New Deal agencies and what radical critics wanted the government to do.

A Helping Hand for Industry and Labor

Know: NRA, Sick Chicken Decision, PWA, Harold Ickes

44. How did the NRA attempt to restore industry?

Paying Farmers Not to Farm

45. How did the federal government attempt to help farmers?

Dust Bowls and Black Blizzards

Know: Dust Bowl, Okies and Arkies, The Grapes of Wrath, Indian Reorganization Act

46. How did nature cause problems for some farmers on the plains?

Makers of America: The Dust Bowl Migrants

Know: San Joaquin Valley, Farm Security Administration, Okievilles

47. In what ways were things better in California? In what ways the same?

Battling Bankers and Big Business

Know: Federal Securities Act, SEC

48. "Reformist New Dealers were determined from the outset to curb the `money changers....'" Explain.

The TVA Harnesses the Tennessee River

Know: TVA, Creeping Socialism

49. What arguments were used for and against the TVA project?

Housing Reform and Social Security

Know: FHA, Social Security

50. How did the FHA and Social Security attempt to help some of society's least fortunate?

A New Deal for Unskilled Labor

Know: Wagner Act, National Labor Relations Board, CIO, John L. Lewis, Sit-down Strike

51. How did labor respond to the improvement of conditions brought about by the New Deal?

Roosevelt's "Coddling" of Labor

Know: Fair Labor Standards Act

52. What other gains were made by labor?

Landon Challenges "the Champ" in 1936

Know: Alfred Landon, American Liberty League

53. What was the significance of the 1936 election?

Nine Old Men on the Supreme Bench

54. Why did Roosevelt ask Congress for a bill that would allow him to add justices to the Supreme Court?

The Court Changes Course

Know: Court Packing, Hugo Black

55. What were the consequences of FDR's attempt to pack the Court?

The Twilight of the New Deal

Know: Roosevelt Recession, John Maynard Keynes, Hatch Act

56. Assess the successfulness of FDR in his second term.

New Deal or Raw Deal?

57. What criticism of the New Deal seems most fair to you? Least fair?

FDR's Balance Sheet

58. What is the textbook author's opinion of Roosevelt? Do you agree?

Varying Viewpoints: How Radical Was the New Deal

Know: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Carl Degler, Constraints School of Historians, New Deal Coalition

59. What did William Leuechtenburg mean when he called the New Deal a "half-way revolution?" (Your answer should focus more on the information before this term than on the information after it.)